15B. Jesus: The One who Comes (3:21-4:13)
3. Messianic Preparation: Resistance of Satan (4:1-13)
a. The setting
4:1 And Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit in the wilderness 2 for forty days, being tempted by the devil. And he ate nothing during those days. And when they were ended, he was hungry.

b. The temptation of Bread and God’s care
3 The devil said to him, “If you are the Son of God, command this stone to become bread.” 4 And Jesus answered him, “It is written, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone.’”

c. The Temptation of Rule Through false Worship
5 And the devil took him up and showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time , 6 and said to him, “To you I will give all this authority and their glory, for it has been delivered to me, and I give it to whom I will. 7 If you, then, will worship me, it will all be yours.” 8 And Jesus answered him, “It is written,
“‘You shall worship the Lord your God,
and him only shall you serve.’”
d. The Temptation to test God’s protection
9 And he took him to Jerusalem and set him on the pinnacle of the temple and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here, 10 for it is written,
“‘He will command his angels concerning you,
to guard you,’
11 and
“‘On their hands they will bear you up,
lest you strike your foot against a stone.’”
12 And Jesus answered him, “It is said, ‘You shall not put the Lord your God to the test.’”
e. The devil departs
13 And when the devil had ended every temptation, he departed from him until an opportune time.

16 III. Galilean Ministry: The Revelation of Jesus (4-9:50)

A. The Overview of Jesus’ Galilean Ministry (4:14-44)
1. Summary of Jesus’ ministry (14-15)
14 And Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit to Galilee, and a report about him went out through all the surrounding country. 15 And he taught in their synagogues, being glorified by all.
17-18
2. An example of Jesus’ preaching (16-30)
a. The setting of the scripture (16-17)
16 And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up. And as was his custom, he went to the synagogue on the Sabbath day, and he stood up to read. 17 And the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to him. He unrolled the scroll and found the place where it was written,
b. Cycle 1: the scripture reading and its exposition (18-21)
18 “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me,
because he has anointed me
to proclaim good news to the poor.
He has sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives
and recovering of sight to the blind,
to set at liberty those who are oppressed,
19 to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor.”
20 And he rolled up the scroll and gave it back to the attendant and sat down. And the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on him. 21 And he began to say to them, “Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.”

c. Cycle 1: response (22)
22 And all spoke well of him and marveled at the gracious words that were coming from his mouth. And they said, “Is not this Joseph's son?”

d. Cycle 2: Jesus rebuttals with proverbs and their historical rejection
23 And he said to them, “Doubtless you will quote to me this proverb, ‘Physician, heal yourself.’ What we have heard you did at Capernaum, do here in your hometown as well.” 24 And he said, “Truly, I say to you, no prophet is acceptable in his hometown. 25 But in truth, I tell you, there were many widows in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the heavens were shut up three years and six months, and a great famine came over all the land, 26 and Elijah was sent to none of them but only to Zarephath, in the land of Sidon, to a woman who was a widow. 27 And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of the prophet Elisha, and none of them was cleansed, but only Naaman the Syrian.”

e. Cycle 2: response (28-29)
28 When they heard these things, all in the synagogue were filled with wrath. 29 And they rose up and drove him out of the town and brought him to the brow of the hill on which their town was built, so that they could throw him down the cliff.

f. Jesus departs rejected at Nazareth (30)
30 But passing through their midst, he went away.
3. 19 An example of Jesus’ Ministry (31-44)
a. Setting (31-32)
31 And he went down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee. And he was teaching them on the Sabbath, 32 and they were astonished at his teaching, for his word possessed authority.

b. Exorcism: unclean spirit cast out (33-37)
i. The demonic Cry of recognition and confession (33-34)
ii. The rebuke by Jesus (35a)
iii. The departure of the demon (35b)
iv. Crowds amazement (36)
v. The report spreads (37)
33 And in the synagogue there was a man who had the spirit of an unclean demon , and he cried out with a loud voice, 34 “Ha! What have you to do with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are—the Holy One of God.” 35 But Jesus rebuked him, saying, “Be silent and come out of him!” And when the demon had thrown him down in their midst, he came out of him, having done him no harm. 36 And they were all amazed and said to one another, “What is this word? For with authority and power he commands the unclean spirits, and they come out!” 37 And reports about him went out into every place in the surrounding region.
c. Healing: Simon’s mother-in-law healed (38-39)
38 And he arose and left the synagogue and entered Simon's house. Now Simon's mother-in-law was ill with a high fever, and they appealed to him on her behalf. 39 And he stood over her and rebuked the fever, and it left her, and immediately she rose and began to serve them.
d. Jesus’ healing and demonic confession (40-41)
40 Now when the sun was setting, all those who had any who were sick with various diseases brought them to him, and he laid his hands on every one of them and healed them. 41 And demons also came out of many, crying, “You are the Son of God!” But he rebuked them and would not allow them to speak, because they knew that he was the Christ.
e. Teaching: Jesus must preach the kingdom (42-44)
Jesus Preaches in Synagogues
42 And when it was day, he departed and went into a desolate place. And the people sought him and came to him, and would have kept him from leaving them, 43 but he said to them, “I must preach the good news of the kingdom of God to the other towns as well; for I was sent for this purpose.” 44 And he was preaching in the synagogues of Judea.

FOOTNOTES:
Jesus’ temptations where no accident. Jesus shows his ability to resist the devil and His allegiance to God. What Adam could not do, Jesus does. When Israel fails in the wilderness, Jesus succeeds. Just as the Spirit accompanies Jesus in his ministry, so the Spirit will also accompany the church in its ministry.
Jesus had fasted 40 days, he was hungry and at his weakest. (EX: Christine gets hungry)
4:3 Satan is the head of the rebellious angels. Satan was created absolutely perfect and seems to be the greatest of the angels God created with special access to the presence of God. Satan fell thru pride by desiring to exalt himself. Satan was cast out of heaven as his permanent abode but still has limited access until banishment is complete. Satan snatches away the gospel from unbelievers and has them carry out his own will. (Is 14:12; Ez 28:12; Zech 3:1; Rev 12:9, 20:1-3, 9-10).
E. His work among unbelievers
1. He Binds unbelievers to the truth of the gospel (2 Cor 4:3-4 "and even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing, in whose case the god of this world has blind the minds of the unbelieving, that they might not see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ").
2. He snatches away the gospel from unbelievers (Matt 13:19 "and when anyone hears the word of the kingdom, and does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what has been sown in his heart").
3. He leads unbelievers to carry out his will and plans.
2 Tim 2:26 "and escape from the snare of the devil, having been held captive by him to do his will."
Eph 2:1-2 "and you were dead in your trespasses and sins, in which you formerly walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air."
4. He promotes unbelievers to do evil.
1 John 3:8 "the one who practices sin is of the devil; for the devil has sinned from the beginning."
John 13:2 "and during supper, the devil having already put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, to betray him."
5. Through his demons, he promotes false religion to lead people away from the truth of the gospel. This takes place through occult practice and false religions, as well as through false teachers in Christian churches.
1 Tim 4:1 "but the Spirit explicitly says that in later times some will fall away from the faith, paying attention to deceitful spirits and doctrines of demons."
2 Cor 11:13-15 "for such men are false apostles, deceitful workers, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ. And no wonder, for even Satan disguises himself as an angel of light. Therefore it is not surprising if his servants also disguise themselves as servants of righteousness; whose end shall be according to their deeds."
6. He leads unbelievers to oppose the gospel and believers.
Acts 13:8, 10 "but Elymas the magician...was opposing them, seeking to turn the proconsul away from the faith. But Paul...said 'you who are full of all deceit and fraud, you son of the devil.'"
4:3 If you are the Son this presents the premise as if it is for argument sake. “Let’s assume you’re the Son of God…” Jesus is challenged concerning His authority as Son.
4:4 It is Written Deut. 8:3. Jesus refuses to operate independently of God.
The temptation to make bread from a stone (vv. 2b-4) is really a temptation not to trust God for sustenance − Israel's failed to trust God for sustenance in the wilderness. The Israelites complained to Moses, "If only we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the fleshpots and ate our fill of bread; for you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger" (Exod. 16:3). In response, God gave them manna, but forbade them to gather more than the day's supply (Exod. 16:4-5). God told Moses that this was a test to see "whether they will follow my instruction or not" (Exod. 16:4). "But they did not listen to Moses; some left part of it until morning, and it bred worms and became foul" (Exod. 16:20).
* Note the connection between manna (Israel's bread in the wilderness) and the bread with which the devil tempts Jesus in the wilderness. "Israel's need for bread was secondary to Israel's need to understand that God gives bread. Jesus, because he understands that fact, can resist the temptation to take matters into his own hands" (Cousar, 197).
4:5 All the Kingdoms This attempts to offer power by detour of the cross and take the easy way to power.
4:6 Has been delivered to me Satan’s claim is exaggerated here. He has great authority over the things of earth (Jn. 12:31, 14:30; 16:11), but no authority to deliver the Kingdom. Has been delivered to me is much harsher than the English translation suggests; Like a prisioner handed over to the jailor, so has God handed over the world to Satan until the time of final redemption.
4:8 You shall worship Jesus cites Deut. 6:13. He knows only God is to be worshiped and served.
− The temptation to gain the kingdoms of the world by worshiping the devil (vv. 5-8) is comparing Israel's temptation to worship other Gods. God commanded, "The Lord your God you shall fear; him you shall serve, and by his name alone you shall swear. Do not follow other gods, any of the gods of the peoples who are all around you, because the Lord your God, who is present with you, is a jealous God" (Deut. 6:13-15). The Israelites first failed this test at the base of Mount Sinai when they made and worshiped a golden calf (Exod. 32:4; Deut. 9:16) − but that was only the first of many such failures.
4:9 On the pinnacle 450 feet, which Josephus described as making one dizzy. To survive a fall from such great heights would require special protection.
4:10 He shall give Satan cites Ps. 91:11-12. He is reminding Jesus of God’s protection, but the mere use of biblical words may not revel God’s will, if placed in the wrong context.
− The temptation for Jesus to throw himself down from the pinnacle of the temple (vv. 9-12), forcing God to protect him, is really a temptation to test God. This is a comparison to Israel's testing of God at Massah and Meribah, where the people complained to Moses, "Why did you bring us out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and livestock with thirst?" (Exod. 17:3). Moses named the place Massah (which means "test") and Meribah (which means "quarrel") "because the Israelites quarreled and tested the Lord, saying, 'Is the Lord among us or not?' " (Exod. 17:7; see also Deut. 6:16).
4:16 This is an essential tradition to understanding Jesus’ preparation for ministry. How did Jesus learn the scripture? He was too poor to own his own scrolls, let alone the entire canon. An educated guess is that Jesus would have studied under the local Synagogue attendant in Nazareth who was responsible for teaching Torah to the local children. He seems OK with Jesus reading scripture and giving a lesson on this particular Sabbath. Why? Probally because like the Rabbis in the Jerusalem Temple, the attendant saw Jesus had a unique insight to scripture. The scroll Jesus reads from, is probally the same scroll he studied as a child in this local synagogue, the same scroll where he bagen to understand that God was calling Him to be the Messiah of Israel and the world, by following the way of the suffering servant.
4:16 Stood up to read in the synagogue services had a reading from the Torah and from the Prophets with an exposition that tied the two together.
4:18 Liberty to the Captives In the OT, this is a description of the captives of exile, but here the captivity is mainly release from sin.
4:18-19 The spirit of the Lord Jesus gives a summary of His mission. By citing Isaiah 61, Jesus makes use of images from the Babylonian captivity. Jesus cites the anointing of the Spirit as fulfilled in light of His Baptism (Lk. 3:21) Jesus is proclaiming to have both a regal position as well as a prophetic mission. Year of the Lord is an illusion to Jubilees., which forgave all debt every fifty years, freed all slaves, and gave ancestral land back to its original family, allowing for a new start according to the law. (Lev. 25:10) Jesus offers such a total cancellation of spiritual debt and a new beginning to those who respond to his message.
4:20 Attendant was a salaried officer, who was responsible for the scrolls of scripture. In service the attendant would bring the scroll out, deliver it to the reader, receive it back after the reading, show the text to everyone, then roll it up and put it back. He also announced the beginning and ending of Sabbath from the rooftop of the synagogue with a triple blast of a trumpet (Ram’s horn).
4:21 Today Jesus proclaims He himself is the fulfillment of Gods plan and promise.
4:22 Is this not? But doubt remains, since a humble carpenter’s son surely cannot be such a central figure in God’s plan.
4:25-27 Elijah/Elisha Jesus issues a strong warning comparing the reaction to a period of great national unfaithfulness. (1 kings 17-18) During this time, there was judgement by famine on the nation. The only people who received healing where gentiles. The point is that the crowd of Jews are warned not to be unfaithful and reject Jesus.
4:28 Wrath The Jews new their OT. They got Jesus point and they where ready to throw down.
Demons are rebellious angels who joined Satan and carry out his will. During the tribulation demons will torment people on earth. (Rev. 9:10-11, Matt 12:24)
4:34 Holy One of God Here is a significant confession by the demons. In the OT, it referred to one with a special call from God. (Ps. 106;16). It is probably a messianic confession.
4:35 rebuked technical term in Aramaic for calling evil into submission.
4:36 With authority and Power The reaction focuses on what for Luke is the central issue about Jesus: His authority and power. Luke is making the point that Jesus possesses the authority to deal with salvation and with all opponents to it.
4:43 I must preach Jesus is carrying out his commission to preach the Kingdom of God to others. The Kingdom Luke talks about 30 times in his gospel is about the announcement of the rule of God through Jesus, both in dealing with sin now, in promising to distribute the spirit as He mediates blessing from God’s side, and in reigning on earth with His “freed to serve” saints according to the OT promise. The kingdom is what Zechariah looked for back in Luke 1:68-79.